ThmDex – An index of mathematical definitions, results, and conjectures.
Result R4182 on D2948: Sublevel set
Isotonicity of sublevel probabilities for a random real number
Formulation 0
Let $X, A, B \in \text{Random}(\mathbb{R})$ each be a D3161: Random real number such that
(i) \begin{equation} \mathbb{P}(A \leq B) = 1 \end{equation}
Then \begin{equation} \mathbb{P}(X \leq A) \leq \mathbb{P}(X \leq B) \end{equation}
Formulation 1
Let $X, A, B \in \text{Random}(\mathbb{R})$ each be a D3161: Random real number such that
(i) \begin{equation} A \overset{a.s.}{\leq } B \end{equation}
Then \begin{equation} \mathbb{P}(X \leq A) \leq \mathbb{P}(X \leq B) \end{equation}
Formulation 2
Let $P = (\Omega, \mathcal{F}, \mathbb{P})$ be a D1159: Probability space such that
(i) $X, A, B : \Omega \to \mathbb{R}$ are each a D3161: Random real number on $P$
(ii) \begin{equation} \mathbb{P} \{ \omega \in \Omega : A(\omega) \leq B(\omega) \} = 1 \end{equation}
Then \begin{equation} \mathbb{P} \{ \omega \in \Omega : X(\omega) \leq A(\omega) \} \subseteq \mathbb{P} \{ \omega \in \Omega : X(\omega) \leq B(\omega) \} \end{equation}
Proofs
Proof 0
Let $X, A, B \in \text{Random}(\mathbb{R})$ each be a D3161: Random real number such that
(i) \begin{equation} \mathbb{P}(A \leq B) = 1 \end{equation}
Let $E$ be an event given by $E : = \{ A > B \}$. Since $\mathbb{P}(A \leq B)$ and since \begin{equation} E = \{ A > B \} = \Omega \setminus \{ A \leq B \} \end{equation} then results
(i) R2090: Isotonicity of probability measure
(ii) R3719: Probability of complement event

imply \begin{equation} \mathbb{P}(E) = \mathbb{P}(A > B) = \mathbb{P}(\Omega \setminus \{ A \leq B \}) = \mathbb{P}(\Omega) - \mathbb{P}(A \leq B) = 1 - 1 = 0 \end{equation} If $\omega \in \{ X \leq A \} \setminus E$, then \begin{equation} X(\omega) \leq A(\omega) \leq B(\omega) \end{equation} Thus we have the inclusion \begin{equation} \{ X \leq A \} \setminus E \subseteq \{ X \leq B \} \setminus E \end{equation} To conclude, applying results
(i) R2060: Probability of set difference
(ii) R2090: Isotonicity of probability measure

we have \begin{equation} \begin{split} \mathbb{P}(X \leq A) & = \mathbb{P}(X \leq A) - 0 \\ & = \mathbb{P}(X \leq A) - \mathbb{P}(E) \\ & = \mathbb{P}(\{ X \leq A \} \setminus E) \\ & \leq \mathbb{P}(\{ X \leq B \} \setminus E) \\ & = \mathbb{P}(X \leq B) - \mathbb{P}(E) \\ & = \mathbb{P}(X \leq B) - 0 \\ & = \mathbb{P}(X \leq B) \end{split} \end{equation}